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A draft report of a scoping study on extractives in Cambodia. The country's mineral and hydrocarbon resources are largely untapped, but interest from foreign investors has recently increased, including exploration of bauxite deposits by BHP Billiton and Mitsubishi. Currently, extraction of gold and other hard minerals is exclusively small-scale and largely unregulated. Discovery of offshore oil reserves in 2005 has spurred additional investment and exploration, and oil production is estimated to begin by 2008. The prospect of a dramatic increase in government revenue has prompted a range of organizations to pursue the development of legal frameworks for revenue management and mechanisms for ensuring accountability and transparency.